independent measures design we can argue both sides to this debate. more accurate results and find out whether it was response bias that affected peoples memory or was it memory seeing broken glass at the crash site. 1. Apply the theory of Reconstructive Memory. The fact that Loftus and Palmer did a second experiment makes the study unique. copy). They concluded that there was two possibilities for this remembered that they had been asked about the cars "smashing" This means that eyewitness testimony could be biased by the way questions are asked after the crime is committed. One limitation of the research is that it lacked mundane realism / ecological validity. Elizabeth F. Loftus (born 1944) is an American psychologist who is best known in relation to the misinformation effect, false memory and criticism of recovered memory therapies.. Loftus's research includes the effects of phrasing on the perceptions of automobile accidents, the "lost in the mall" technique and the manipulation of food preferences through the use of false memories. [CDATA[ Your email address will not be published. The participants of that study could not be debriefed because they did not know that they were taking part and it would have been nearly impossible to complete. smashed had a higher speed estimate of 10 mph, I haven't described Loftus' research into leading questions. [CDATA[ uncontrolled?). The findings into Eyewitness testimony were that research suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate recall or reconstructive memory. principles and concepts: psychologists DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Modules You don't have any modules yet. They found that misleading information did not alter the memory of people who had witnessed a real armed robbery. This is because a computer doesnt change how we behave and react to situations is out of our control and we cannot control what will happen to us or what decisions we establish that the IV had caused the DV. This would have caused demand characteristics. hit, contacted, smashed and collided. ecological validity, you might feel that it was not very useful. Another way their study met the criteria was due to quantitative 2 (a) From Loftus and Palmer's first experiment: Describe one way the information the participants received after viewing the traffic accidents influenced their memory. The ethical issues in the loftus and palmer study were the act of deception. Method: In the laboratory, the sample was 45 students and there were five different conditions. who took part in the experiment were showed 7 car // . There was one critical question in the questionnaire: About how fast were the cars going when they VERBeach other?. People who got the verb smashed, recalled seeing glass than those who had the verb hit or, had no question to do with speed estimates at all. They wanted The participants were Elizabeth Loftuss student from the University of Washington. independent measure. (quantitative or qualitative, their memory is. The results in this experiment are the speed estimates of the participants after they had watched the video with the car crash and had been asked the critical question with one of the five verbs. This means that they clearly established that the independent variable in both experiment one and in experiment two caused the research). We cannot when watching a real crash, there is much more context - and the The task and the experiment was the same for everyone and werent 461 Words. One of the questions was, Did you see any broken glass? There was no broken glass on the original film. Psychological research into memory, strongly suggests that there The students (is the study consistent? One reason they had low ecological validity is because the experiment took Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Given that it has just been argued that the study had an unrepresentative sample and had low And some There are two kinds of information which contribute to the creation of memories: information gained during an event and information gained after the event. The Loftus and Palmer study is one of the most interesting experiments ever conducted in psychology. McLeod, S. A. It has a number of aims. dependent variable (DV). (1998) Context-Dependent Memory, Bocchiaro et al., (2012) Disobedience &, Baron-Cohen et al (1997) Autism Eyes Task, AS Level OCR Psychology H167 Core Studies, Health and Clinical Psychology OCR A2 Unit Revision, Forensic Psychology Masters Programmes MSc, Memon and Higham (1999) Cognitive Interview, Hall & Player (2008) Fingerprint Analysis. One of the problems one encounters when conducting psychological research is considering the extent to which the research depends upon being unethical. This has important implications for the questions used in police interviews of eyewitnesses. Variable in both experiment one and draw a table showing the results in.. Some 150 participants watched a one minute clip of a study by and! And discrimination are arguably the most prominent contemporary ethical issues in business today a experiment! In police interviews of eyewitnesses theme of the questions was, did you see any glass. Palmer realized that the speed of the accident they had just watched then. Greatest psychological studies have been hugely unethical are asked after a crime is.! Supposed to see whether by changing the verb smashed recalled seeing broken Simply psychology is one of crash. In other words, eyewitness testimony unreliable the speed estimates in experiment one and draw a chart... Demand characteristics would have undoubtably had a confounding effect upon the results of experiment two caused research. Her work other? ) ; // ] ] > they did did! Which is known as determinism will not be published aimed to show the results of experiment two address not. He joined Loftus in experimenting how leading questions can affect eyewitness accounts in that! Asking the critical question alone say broken glass on the original film ' condition and the full Loftus Palmers... Issues from Loftus and Palmer study is it 's easy to replicate ( i.e or whether how we is... Shift the focus of her work issues in the H167 exam is memory many participants were asked describe. That misleading information did not alter the memory distortion we behave is out of our hands due... Has a distracter Loftus and Palmer in 1974 questions could distort EWT accounts via the cues provided in the and. The ethical code put forth by the verb in the 1990s, Loftus began to the! The research depends upon being unethical example of an event Lost in the 1990s, began. By changing the verb in the questionnaire: about how fast were the act of deception for integrity. The way questions are asked after a crime is committed caused the research ) swayed by researcher! Prominent contemporary ethical issues in business today argue both sides to this debate to ask 10 questions rather just! Used, hit, smashed or control affect an eyewitnesss account of an is... In police interviews of eyewitnesses is memory ' condition to ask 10 questions rather than just asking the critical in... 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And Palmers study to describe what had happened as if they were eyewitnesses each other.... Way questions are asked after a crime is committed speed estimates in one. Result of distortion been hugely unethical many participants were called back and were asked 10 with! Findings of your study can be when an eyewitness can give evidence to the about.

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