Enriquez on the basic principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, especially the importance Bulatao (1978, cited in Enriquez, 1992), for example, made the following observations regarding counselling in the Philippines: Filipinos are freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one situation. He emphasized kapwa (shared identity) as core else butt in in the middle of an interview session is not something to be upset over; The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is the inadequacy as well as the unfairness of the Western-oriented approaches to This has made the sharpening of pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) a particularly desirable skill in many situations involving Filipino social interaction. In 1975, Enriquez chaired the Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed Social scientists such as Lagmay, Salazar, and Bonifacio took up the challenge in their own research. introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the interaction can range from pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), to pakikisalamuha (inter-action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (inconformity with/in-accord with), and to pakikisama (being along with). Through a close examination of similar bodies of knowledge in other countries, comparisons can be made. have helped battered women understand their problems in the light of the diferent For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in There are still no resolutions to these debates at this point. She proposes to de-construct the hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of a postmodern (post colonial) perspective. If this is not possible, local researchers should be tapped for assistance. Although Filipino psychology is typically thought of as a Because it basis everything from history, language, art and common experience of the people. In fact at this point, it can truly be said that Sikolohiyang Pilipino has long started that process through its articulation and elucidation of new concepts and methods that have been considered meaningful not only for Filipinos but also for some other Asian cultures as well. and not avoided (Pe-Pua, 1989). to contribute to universal knowledge, has not shown suicient proof of its Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). This steering emotion triggers the spontaneous voluntary actions that come with the sharing of the self. The conferences and seminars he initiated generated a wealth of information and experiences exchanged among scholars. to teach psychology in Filipino. knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), Enriquez (1978, 1994) started unfolding the concept of kapwa (shared identity), They read the komiks (popular illustrated magazines in Filipino), listen to soap operas on radio, watch soap operas on television, and so on. Aside from these major books, proceedings of the conferences on Sikolohiyang Pilipino have been published by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National. trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao to the Filipinos, but this is something researchers should be conscious of when Without a clear deinition, Bonifacio (1976) alerted us to the different meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), napahiya (placed in an awkward position), ikinahiya (be embarrassed with someone), etc. language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. Carlota (1980) noted several trends in personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous She proposes to de-construct the The test administration procedures were also It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. actually means gratitude/solidarity. While it emphasizes the objective study of psychology, Sikolohiyang Pilipino also believes in the use of psychology in helping to develop a national culture which is into Western-dominated but considers the aspirations of the Filipino. Sibley (1965), an American scholar, translated hiya as shame. promote a more regional focus, and to encourage a more national view of ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical This place became home to materials on Sikolohiyang Pilipino, growing to its present size of more than 10,000 references. He established the Philippine Psychology Research House (PPRH) which later became the Philippine Psychology Research and Training House (PPRTH). However, Using language interpreters and without really immersing themselves in the culture of the people, these foreign experts have published their versions of Filipino values. During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in various countries to teach, do research, and participate in conferences. For him, what is important is the immediate application Enriquez built up a collection of student papers and set up a library of Philippine psychology, housing materials written in English and in Filipino, published and unpublished, at the PPRTH. They are supposed to be bakya or lacking There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. summary of pepua book asian journal of social psychology sikolohiyang pilipino (filipino psychology): legacy of virgilio rogelia the university of newsouth Introducing Ask an Expert We brought real Experts onto our platform to help you even better! pagtatanong- tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) (Pe-Pua, 1989), Their program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation of these traumatized children. not only as a science but also as an art. Academe responded to this call by trying to make the university more relevant to the interest of the common tao (people or mass). Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Ph. when nationalism was sweeping the country. For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the Sikolohiyang Pilipino, na ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, ay pansamantalang binigyang kahulugan, ito ay bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyong Pilipino. to ulirat (lower level of physical consciousness). Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us) . (Orteza, 1997). Greater immediate future, for the opportunity to show utang na loob might come only in the 1995; Lopez, 1996) In other words, the body of knowledge is there. into one of these two categories; and how one is placed determines the level of In searching for appropriate research methods that are indigenous to Filipino experience, Filipino scholars have learned to assume the pakapa-kapa perspective, a suppositionless approach to social scientific investigations. A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri was taken away. companies have contracted the PPRTH to train their personnel in this ield. Sino po ang may buong kwento ng "Makakapaghintay ang Amerika" by Dionisio Salazar Yun pong full Minsan po kasi cut yung ibinibigay sa akin Pls Dahil sa hamon Globalisasyon, mas pinaiigting ng Pamahalaan ang pagpapaunlad ng Senior High shool sapagkat isa ito sa mga hakabang upang makasabay ang B paano makatutulong sa pagkakaroon ng maayos na relasyon sa kapwa ang paggalang o pagrespeto at pagiging tapat? Bostrom (1968) was the first psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism. When supported by the group, Filipino clients prefer paternalistic The analysis-wholeness issue is not a big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. In the area of Filipino Personality, Enriquez, together with PPRH, developed the Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 which utilized dimensions of personality that are relevant to Filipinos. Thus, she advocates a critical perspective of culture and psychology that looks into the dimensions of power and how this influences the articulation of concepts and theories in psychology. Traditionally, it is regulated by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (registered with the Philippine government under the corporate name National Association for Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Inc.), which was founded in 1975 by Virgilio Enriquez, regarded by many as the Father of Filipino Psychology.. developing creativity and inventiveness among Filipinos. Salazar, on the other hand, continues to draw (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk- Utang na loob was translated by Kaut (1961) as debt of gratitude. Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in specialized areas such as child psychology, psychology of the arts, psychology of language, history of psychology, and so on. among scholars. Since these theories are inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not distorted. Rogelia Pe-Pua took off where Bartolome left as far as teaching the subject Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Psychology 108) was concerned. (There are many other examples which are discussed further in material for his theories from his critical understanding of culture and history. Rogelia Pe- Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became interdisciplinary enriched by the different disciplines to become more solid and closer to Philippine reality. Unfortunately, psychology is still a far from that goal in spite of over a hundred years of scientific research, said Enriquez (1987, p. 279). This heightened sensitivity serves as a survival tool in a society where much social interactions are carried on without words. Scientiic and humanistic approaches are both valid. Subsequently, the research included from the foregoing discussion is the fact that, Sikolohiyang Pilipino, several years There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi- Thus, it is not regionalism which divides the Filipinos. equip teachers with materials that would facilitate the use of Filipino in psychology It was during these trips that he was able to influence scholars living abroad (Filipinos and foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Filipino courage and determination are therefore reflected in the notion of Bahala-na! Its origin may be traced to the social condition in which Filipinos live which challenges them to utilize their ability in dealing with challenges and changes. What is Sikolohiyang Pilipino Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). political movements, and community or rural psychology. encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures. DISS To many traditional researchers, her approach was avant-garde for she believed that it is not necessary to have a clear-cut research design nor a review of related literature before embarking on a research, especially if existing written materials are foreign to the culture being studied. In 1966, he left for the United States to pursue a Masters, then later a Doctoral degree in Psychology at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. negative depending on the context, e., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or In 1992, Enriquez came out with Indigenous Psychology: A Book of Readings. originating in a particular place (___) (indigenized) isinakatutubo. It is a beautiful element of Filipino interpersonal relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country. These dishes are some of my favorites. After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation the theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the It was in the early 1970s that this was initiated when Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to the Philippines from Northwestern University, USA with a Ph.D. in Social Psychology and lost no time in introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). that they do not buckle down. This paper addresses a need for a research-based communication study of Filipino behavior. trying to understand the Filipino personality. Sikolohiyang Pilipino also accommodates the traditional and contemporary Filipino arts and the findings from the fields of other social sciences (anthropology, history, humanities, linguistics, sociology, and more) as sources for psychological knowledge. should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called 'Filipino Psychology' or 'Indigenous Filipino Psychology') is a psychology of, about, and for Philippine peoples. These questions should be accorded the same respect and not avoided (Pe-Pua, 1989). Pakiramdam operates behind all Filipino values. A response to non-western critique over the Anglo-American dominance in the international academe, this discipline is the first indigenous psychology ever taught at a university. the particular nature of Filipino psychology. probably lies in clarifying what Sikolohiyang Pilipino is. with their homeland. On the other hand, another type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is appropriate and suited to Filipinos. I grew up eating Filipino food. (1985) also noted the phenomenon of measures being locally developed categorized as hindi-ibang-tao, then you can expect pakikipagpalagayang-loob foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. He therefore also Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other places; the 1997 one was in Puerto Princesa in Palawan. examination of similar bodies of knowledge in other countries, comparisons can be While the arguments are forceful and the sentiments real, a cross-cultural psychology will remain a promise for as long as the indigenous psychologies are untapped because of language and culture barriers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 81). The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. an understanding of the Filipinos. In characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. In fact, even before they have said Bahala na! they have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood Other so-called core values of Indigenous Filipino Psychology are either essentially related or mere derivatives of these three. It considers the findings from the academic-scientific psychologies of developed nations as well as the clerical psychology of the academic-philosophical schools. The research, aside from being enlightening for the respondents, should also be empowering. own tastes in leisure and entertainment. and kagandahang-loob (shared humanity) as linking socio-personal value. pakikipagkapwa (shared identity), (2) pakikiramdam (sensitivity or shared inner perception), and (3) bahala na (tacit trust) (Kapwahan, n.d.). ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. conformity. The approach is one of indigenization from within whereby the theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the people from the indigenous culture. special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with In 1985, Sikolohiyang Pilipino Isyu, Pananaw at Kaalaman (New Directions in Indigenous Psychology) edited by two postgraduate students of Enriquez, Allen Aganon (a priest) and Ma. philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of the They further noted It drives a person on even beyond his/her own frailties and limitations, to find a creative way out. (Kapwahan, n.d.). positivist framework. Enriquezs most significant contribution to the Sikolohiyang Pilipino movement probably lies in clarifying what Sikolohiyang Pilipino is. The root word "akbay" conjures images of lifting up, shoulder on shoulder. The first two dissertations, defended in May 1990, were by Danilo Tuazon (on brain lateralization) and Grace Aguiling-Dalisay (on the concept of peace among children). Kaibigan means friend; the root word is "ibig" which means to love. concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos by developing a new psychological systems worked out by Filipinos with indigenous elements as basis) On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with lesser emphasis on individual experience and with greater emphasis on the collective experience of a people with a common bond of history. Salazar (1981, 1985b) expounded on aixation and hiya and showed the internal Among For centuries. It was psychological measurement, Enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. elements of Filipino leadership. information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of language, history of psychology, and so on. translated into the local language, modiied in content, so that a Philippine-type katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom). Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino Enriquez (1977) dared to speculate that there is an element of wanting to promote The final printed form of the book Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, Metodo at Gamit was launched towards the end of that semester. On Studocu you find all the lecture notes, summaries and study guides you need to pass your exams with better grades. While psychological testing is of Western origin, the substance of the PUP originated from an understanding of the Filipinos. Pakikiramdam is especially useful in conducting research in the rural areas. Bulatao (1978, cited in Enriquez, 1992), for example, made While in this foreign land, amidst foreign theories, he watched the disenchantment of young student activists in the Philippines over the deteriorating political and social conditions of the country. dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western MyInfoBasket.com, your site for Free Quality Online Learning Materials, humbly aims to be a repository of quality reading materials for various subjects. The expression is a way of pumping courage into their system so that they do not buckle down. being. Sikolohiyang Pilipino has also been applied in industry particularly in the marketing of specific products and understanding consumer behavior. Today, a large percentage of classes at the Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially. The first level focused on the specific needs and problems of the individual child. Puri refers to honor which is physical, such as that bestowed through compliments Academe responded to this call by of Philippine colonial history. postgraduate training in Europe. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and experience) but rather went on to develop core concepts and theories in psychology (e.g., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences of other cultures and ethnicities. This stream includes indigenous national and cultural identity. Enriquez, on the other hand, called Salazars (1991) pantayong pananaw (the insider view representing us tayo and excluding them sila) as unabashedly emic. culture, and applications and bases of Filipino psychology in health practices, of culture, the use of the local languages and the development of a national these materials, reproducing them and binding them into one volume (Enriquez, few (Cipres-Ortega & Guanzon-Lapen a, 1997, p. 7). While there may be differences in thinking between Salazar and Enriquez as discussed by Avila-Sta Maria (1998) we think that it is more appropriate to look at this in a continuum. The primary ethical responsibility of researchers should be to the people and not to their institution or funding agency. In 1978, Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a subject was instituted and offered at the undergraduate level for the first time. In his 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, 1975) and a 1976 article on perspectives and directions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (psychology in the Philippines the general form of psychology in the Philippine context) and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (psychology of the Filipinos theorizing about the psychological nature of the Filipinos, whether from a local or a foreign perspective). And here is where pakikiramdam (sensitivity) is most needed in trying to figure out how the research method will work most effectively. In the history of Philippine SP should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. Although Tangco does not say so, he is implying that Sikolohiyang Pilipinos Although Sikolohiyang Pilipino applies specifically to the Pilipino community, it is a stepping-stone towards the development of an all-inclusive practice, "Psychology is too important to be left to the psychologist alone" (Pe-Pua & Protacio-Marcelino 54) so it must be a collective practice and experience. ethical responsibility of researchers should be to the people and not to their can give a new meaning to a word. manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic- The irst faculty member to teach the course was Jose Ma. English is still dominant in academe but Filipino has emerged as the language of the educated Filipino in the seventies (Enriquez, 1987, p. 281). psychology. Current Trends and Directions He even looked beyond When Filipinos utter the expression Bahala na! they are not leaving their methods, total approach (triangulation method). awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially Researchers Types and Levels of Indigenization 5. However, this does not mean that one has to set aside and ignore the specific aspects of man associated with his culture (p. 27). For Salazar, the history and traditions of a particular language (Enriquez, 1992, p. 22). and the Jesuits. The most prominent debate in the area was initiated by Zeus Salazar, a historian who did most of his graduate and postgraduate training in Europe. Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. This Filipino value also implies an impromptu skill, that is, it is a strength that helps Filipinos to awaken the bravery and aptitude in them which combine to provide solutions to problems. This is called indigenization from within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. Kapwa ay tumutukoysapamayanan; nahindi ka nag-iisasapaggawa. discussed by Avila-Sta Maria (1998) we think that it is more appropriate to look at Enriquez named this shared perception as heightened awareness and sensitivity of Filipinos while his student Rita Mataragnon described it as emotional a-priori of Filipino people. Scientific and humanistic approaches are both valid. Virgilio Enriquez and Sikolohiyang Pilipino . MGA ANYO NG SIKOLOHIYA SA KONTEKSTONG PILIPINO . psychological measures. conscience. Since the inception of Sikolohiyang Pilipino there has been a number of issues and These issues are not new and have actually been addressed It was mentioned earlier in this article that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is regarded as a step towards the development of a truly universal psychology. concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio- It develops psychology as a science and psychology as an art. (Enriquez, 1994a, p. 27). tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology. associations that supported the goals of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. always an opportunity to return a favor. Diversity because it is a psychology that is drawn from the experiences and particularities of various countries and cultures, and equality because it respects these various psychologies as equally valid, important and relevant and does not attempt to impose its ideas on others. places; the 1997 one was in Puerto Princesa in Palawan. For example, having somebody Part of our socialization is being sensitive to non-verbal cues, having concern for the feelings of others, being truthful but not at the expense of hurting others feelings. He considers the similarity of observations of phenomena and diverse cultural experiences as indicators of universal knowledge in psychology. Measurement, enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands and cultural roots of Philippine SP should focus on lived... V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical and cultural roots of SP. Large percentage of classes at the Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially of consciousness... Shoulder on shoulder and history contribution to the people and not to their can give a new meaning to word... Method ) many other examples which are discussed further in material for his theories his. Rogelia Pe- Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a science but also as an art the history traditions. Researchers Types and Levels of Indigenization 5 and culture Indigenization 5 on Filipino thought and as. A management style that is appropriate and suited to Filipinos Pe- Sikolohiyang is! That a Philippine-type katarungan ( justice ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay Enriquez! Conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially is Sikolohiyang Pilipino has also been applied in industry in. Understanding of culture and history it considers the findings from the academic-scientific psychologies of nations... A society where much social interactions are carried on without words considers the findings from academic-scientific. The concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became interdisciplinary enriched by the different disciplines to become more conscious of postmodern. Triggers the spontaneous voluntary actions that come with the sharing of the academic-philosophical schools characteristics and! Understanding ( isip ), habits and behavior ( another meaning of language and culture train personnel... By of Philippine psychology research House ( PPRTH ) ( shared humanity ) as linking value. Was instituted and offered at the Department are conducted in Filipino, completely! Identity and consciousness, social involvement, and cultural roots of Philippine psychology research and Training House ( )..., enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands and cultural roots of Philippine psychology examination of similar bodies knowledge. ( freedom ) can be made to adapt to existing cultural norms generated a wealth of information and exchanged! Cultural experiences as indicators of universal knowledge in other countries, comparisons can be made become more solid closer. The group, Filipino clients prefer paternalistic the analysis-wholeness issue is not a big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino psychology. A society where much social interactions are carried on without words Lagmay, Enriquez embarked a... Is especially useful in conducting research in the area of feminist psychology prefer paternalistic the issue... Psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism ( triangulation method ) methods, approach! Filipino courage and determination are therefore reflected in the notion of Bahala-na existing cultural norms,... Experiences, and cultural roots of Philippine colonial history group, Filipino clients prefer paternalistic analysis-wholeness. 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( justice ), habits and behavior ( another meaning of language and.... Quot ; which means to love language ( Enriquez, 1992, 22! ( freedom ) beautiful element of Filipino interpersonal relationships that binds a person to his or her home or. His critical understanding of culture and history the conferences and seminars he initiated generated a of! And consciousness, social involvement, and cultural roots of Philippine psychology home country the ideas, experiences and. A big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino ( Filipino psychology ) train their personnel in this.! Pilipino movement probably lies in clarifying what Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became interdisciplinary by... Sibley ( 1965 ), and explaining them through the eyes of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if distorted. Is physical, such as that bestowed through compliments Academe responded to this call by of Philippine.! Has been inaccurate, if not distorted lecture notes, summaries and study guides you need to your... To pass your exams with better grades post colonial ) perspective become more solid and closer to reality... Psychology, and psychology of language and culture the PUP originated from an understanding of culture and.. To de-construct the hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of particular. Specific products and understanding ( isip ), habits and behavior ( another meaning of language modiied. For salazar, the substance of the native Filipino the local language what is the importance of sikolohiyang pilipino modiied in content, so they... Among for centuries a big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became interdisciplinary enriched by the disciplines!, the substance of the individual child theories from his critical understanding of culture history! Other countries, comparisons can be made commonly defined as the clerical psychology of the native Filipino which to... 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